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HTML5 video is an element introduced in the HTML5 draft specification for the purpose of playing videos or movies[1], partially replacing the object element.

Adobe Flash Player is widely used to embed video on web sites such as YouTube, since the majority of web browsers have Adobe's Flash Player installed (with exceptions such as the browsers on the Apple iPhone and iPad and on Android 2.1 or less). HTML5 video is intended by its creators to become the new standard way to show video online, but has been hampered by lack of agreement as to which video formats should be supported in the video tag.

Example[]

The following HTML5 code fragment will embed a WebM video into a web page.

<video src="movie.webm" controls>
This is fallback text to display if the browser does not support the video element.
</video>

Supported video formats[]

The current HTML5 draft specification does not specify which video formats browsers should support in the video tag. User agents are free to support any video formats they feel are appropriate.

Default video format debate[]

It is desirable to specify at least one video format which all user agents (browsers) should support. The ideal format should:

  • Have good compression, good image quality, and low decode processor use.
  • Be royalty-free.
  • In addition to software decoders, a hardware video decoder should exist for the format, as many embedded processors do not have the performance to decode video.

Initially, Ogg Theora was the recommended standard video format in HTML5, because it was not affected by any known patents. But on December 10, 2007, the HTML5 specification was updated,[2] replacing the reference to concrete formats:

User agents should support Theora video and Vorbis audio, as well as the Ogg container format.

with a placeholder:[3]

It would be helpful for interoperability if all browsers could support the same codecs. However, there are no known codecs that satisfy all the current players: we need a codec that is known to not require per-unit or per-distributor licensing, that is compatible with the open source development model, that is of sufficient quality as to be usable, and that is not an additional submarine patent risk for large companies. This is an ongoing issue and this section will be updated once more information is available.[4]

Although Theora is not affected by known patents, companies such as Apple and (reportedly) Nokia are concerned about unknown patents that might affect it, whose owners might be waiting for a corporation with extensive financial resources to use the format before suing.[5][6] Formats like H.264 might also be subject to unknown patents in principle, but they have been deployed much more widely and so it is presumed that any patent-holders would have already sued someone. Apple has also opposed requiring Ogg format support in the HTML standard (even as a "should" requirement) on the grounds that some devices might support other formats much more easily, and that HTML has historically not required particular formats for anything.[6]

Some web developers criticized the removal of the Ogg formats from the specification.[7][8][9] A follow-up discussion also occurred on the W3C questions and answers blog.[10]

H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is widely used, and has good speed, compression, hardware decoders, and video quality, but is covered by patents.[11] Except in particular cases, users of H.264 have to pay licensing fees to the MPEG LA, a group of patent-holders including Microsoft and Apple.[12] As a result, it has not been considered as a required default codec.

Google's acquisition of On2 resulted in the WebM Project, a royalty-free, open source release of VP8, in a Matroska container with Vorbis audio. It is supported by Google Chrome, Opera Browser and Mozilla Firefox.

Browser support[]

Main article: Comparison of layout engines (HTML5 Media)

Values[]

Values indicate the level of support in the most recent version of the layout engine, or (if a version number is given) in the specified version. Version numbers without any other value indicate the version at which the layout engine first fully supported the feature.

Value Meaning
Yes Indicates that the layout engine fully supports this property/element when valid values are used.
No Indicates that the property/element is completely ignored.
Partial Indicates that the property/element is understood, but that not all values are supported. Supported values are implemented correctly.
Incorrect Indicates that the property/element is understood, but that it is not implemented correctly in all cases.
Experimental Indicates that the property/element is understood, but supported under an alternate name. May be incomplete or buggy.
Dropped Indicates that the property/element is no longer supported.
Nightly build Indicates that the property/element is supported to some extent in an experimental/nightly build. Future support is expected.
Depends Indicates that the property/element is supported only on certain platforms, or if certain settings are configured.

Table[]

Browser Latest stable release version date Native video format support
Ogg Theora H.264 VP8 (WebM) Others
Internet Explorer Template:Latest stable software release/Internet Explorer No[note 1] 9.0[15] No[note 2] No[17]
Mozilla Firefox[18] Template:Latest stable software release/Mozilla Firefox 3.5[19] No[note 3] 4.0[21][22] No
Google Chrome Template:Latest stable software release/Google Chrome 3.0[23][24] 3.0[25] 6.0[26][27] ?
Safari Template:Latest stable software release/Safari No[note 4] 3.1[28][29] No Depends[note 5]
Opera Template:Latest stable software release/Opera 10.50[31] Depends[note 6] 10.60[33][34] Depends[note 6]
Konqueror Template:Latest stable software release/Konqueror 4.4[35] No[note 7] Depends[note 7] Depends[note 7]
Epiphany Template:Latest stable software release/Epiphany 2.28[37] No[note 8] Depends[note 8][38] Depends[note 8]
Origyn Web Browser 1.7 for MorphOS
Template:Release date and age
1.7 for MorphOS[39] 1.7 for MorphOS[39] No Depends[note 9]
BOLT browser Template:Latest stable software release/Bolt browser 2.1[41] 2.1[41] No ?

In cases where decoders are not built into the browser, the format support will be dictated by the multimedia framework of the operating system. Consequently, browser support for multimedia formats are influenced by the problem that DirectShow and QuickTime do not support free formats like Theora by default, whereas GStreamer and Phonon cannot safely support other than free formats by default on the free operating systems that they are intended to run on.

Usage[]

As of April 2010, in the wake of Apple iPad launch, a number of high-profile sites have started to serve H.264 HTML5 video instead of Flash for user-agents identifying as iPad.[42]

As of May 2010, HTML5 video is not currently as widespread as Flash videos, though recent rollouts of experimental HTML5-based video players from DailyMotion[43] (using Ogg Theora and Vorbis format), YouTube[44] (using the H.264 and WebM formats) and Vimeo[45] (using the H.264 format) suggest that interest in adopting HTML5 video is increasing.

According to a YouTube blog post, the <video> tag does not currently meet all the needs of a website like YouTube[46]. The main reasons stated include the lack of a standard format, the absence of an effective and reliable means of delivering the video to the browser, JavaScript unable to display video fullscreen, and content protection issues.

Notes[]

  1. Indirectly possible if Google Chrome Frame is installed [13][14]
  2. Possible if the user has installed a VP8 codec on Windows for the IE9.[16]
  3. Indirectly possible if IE Tab and Google Chrome Frame are installed.[20]
  4. Unless XiphQT is installed.
  5. Any format supported by QuickTime or Core Video on OS X.[30]
  6. 6.0 6.1 On Linux or FreeBSD, supports all formats supported by GStreamer.[32]
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Any format supported by Phonon on Qt 4.5.[36], which includes GStreamer and xine
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Any format supported by GStreamer on Webkit/GTK+ builds of Epiphany.
  9. Any format supported by FFmpeg on 1.7 version for MorphOS.[40][39]

References[]

  1. 4.8.6 The video element — HTML 5
  2. Hickson, Ian (10 December 2007). "[whatwg] Video codec requirements changed". whatwg mailing list mailing list. http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2007-December/013135.html. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  3. "(X)HTML5 Tracking". HTML5.org. Retrieved 2009-06-23. 
  4. "[whatwg] Removal of Ogg is *preposterous*". WHATWG mailing list. Lists.whatwg.org. 11 December. http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2007-December/013152.html. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  5. Hickson, Ian (2007-12-11). "Re: [whatwg] Removal of Ogg is *preposterous*". whatwg mailing list mailing list. http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2007-December/013154.html. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Stachowiak, Maciej (21 March 2007). "[whatwg] Codecs (was Re: Apple Proposal for Timed Media Elements)". whatwg mailing list mailing list. http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2007-March/010392.html. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  7. "The Attack Against Ogg Theora or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Proprietary Web". Metavid. 11 December 2007. Archived from the original on 23 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-30. 
  8. "rudd-o.com". rudd-o.com. 2007-12-11. Retrieved 2009-06-30. 
  9. "Abbadingo » Blog » Removal of Ogg Vorbis and Theora from HTML 5: an outrageous disaster". Delcorp.org. 2007-12-12. Retrieved 2009-06-30. 
  10. Connolly, Dan (December 18, 2007). "When will HTML 5 support <video>? Sooner if you help". W3C. Retrieved 2009-06-23. 
  11. AVC/H.264 Patent List (PDF), MPEG LA, 2010-02-01 
  12. AVC/H.264 Licensors, MPEG LA 
  13. Kevin Carle and Chris Zacharias (2010-01-20), Introducing YouTube HTML5 Supported Videos, Official YouTube Blog, retrieved 2010-03-12 
  14. Dougherty, Brad (2010-01-21), Try our new HTML5 player!, Vimeo Staff Blog, retrieved 2010-03-12 
  15. McCracken, Harry (2010-03-16), Microsoft Previews the Revamped Internet Explorer 9 Platform, Technologizer 
  16. Hachamovitch, Dean (2010-05-19), Another Follow-up on HTML5 Video in IE9, Microsoft 
  17. Hachamovitch, Dean (2010-04-29), HTML5 Video, Microsoft, retrieved 2010-05-05 
  18. Media formats supported by the audio and video elements, Mozilla 
  19. Mozilla Firefox 3.5 Release Notes, Mozilla, 2009-06-30, retrieved 2010-02-15 
  20. Can I Play HTML5 YouTube Videos in Firefox Right Now?, Lifehacker, 2010-03-09, retrieved 2010-03-11 
  21. Bug 566243 - Merge mozilla-webmedia repository to mozilla-central, Mozilla 
  22. Firefox Nightly Builds, Mozilla 
  23. Google Chrome support Theora and Vorbis, Google, 2010-05-20 
  24. Google Chrome 3.0 will support <video> tag 
  25. Google Chrome support H.264 and AAC, Google, 2010-05-20 
  26. Bankoski, Jim (2010-05-19), WebM and VP8 land in Chromium, Google 
  27. Kersey, Jason (2010-06-03), Google Chrome Releases: Dev Channel Update, Google, retrieved 2010-07-01 
  28. About the Safari 3.1 Update, 2008-03-17, retrieved 2010-02-15 
  29. Dalrymple, Jim (2009-03-10), Apple shows off Safari's HTML 5 support, Macworld, retrieved 2010-03-13 
  30. HTML5 Media Support, WebKit Open Source Project: Surfin' Safari, 2007-11-12, retrieved 2010-03-11 
  31. Jägenstedt, Philip (2009-12-31), (re-)Introducing <video> - Official blog for Core developers at Opera, Opera, archived from the original on 2010-01-04, retrieved 2010-02-06 
  32. Everything you need to know about HTML5 video and audio, Opera, March 10, 2010, retrieved 2010-03-11 
  33. Lie, Håkon Wium (2010-05-19), Welcome, WebM <video>!, Opera 
  34. Mills, Chris (2010-05-19), Opera supports the WebM video format, Opera 
  35. Davison, Peter (2010-03-03), KHTML Browsers including Konqueror, Legend Scrolls, retrieved 2010-03-12 
  36. Vestbø, Tor Arne (2008-05-13), Top Secret, Hush Hush!, Nokia Corporation, archived from the original on 2012-07-09, retrieved 2010-03-14 
  37. Toker, Alp (2007-12-08), HTML5 media support with GStreamer, retrieved 2010-03-12 
  38. YouTube and WebM support, Fedora Project, retrieved 2010-07-01 
  39. 39.0 39.1 39.2 Holwerda, Thom (2010-03-08), Origyn Web Browser 1.7 Supports HTML5 Media, More, OSNews, retrieved 2010-03-08 
  40. Origyn Web Browser for MorphOS, Fabian Coeurjoly, retrieved 2010-01-04 
  41. 41.0 41.1 New version of Bolt browser fully supports HTML5 video, HTML5 Trends, 2010-05-25 
  42. "iPad-ready websites". Apple, Inc. Retrieved 2010-04-05. 
  43. "Watch Video…without Flash". Dailymotion. 2009-05-27. Retrieved 2010-05-18. 
  44. Carle, Kevin; Zacharias, Chris (2010-01-20). "Introducing YouTube HTML5 Supported Videos". Youtube. Retrieved 2010-03-07. 
  45. Dougherty, Brad (2010-01-21). "Try our new HTML5 player!". Vimeo. Retrieved 2010-03-07. 
  46. "Flash and the HTML5 <video> tag". 

External links[]

cs:HTML5 video ko:HTML5 동영상 pl:HTML5 video

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